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Tile Data Information
Base Map
Data Set
Overview
Development of Cobb County’s digital orthophoto base map
began in
February 2000 with the taking of color aerial photography covering the
entire county. The photographs were used to produce highly
accurate digital maps of roads, water features, and 2’
contours
depicting the elevations of Cobb County’s terrain
(topography).
Subsequent updates have been made annually since 2003, with full
updates of the digital orthophoto base map, and partial updates of the
Digital Terrain Model (DTM), 2’ contours, and limited
planimetric
mapping (transportation and hydrography). In 2006, the aerial
photography was acquired using digital cameras in an attempt to shorten
processing time and improve quality.
The positional accuracy of the data was developed to meet ASPRS Class
1, large-scale, map accuracy standards. All data is in the
Georgia State Plane Coordinate System, West Zone, NAD83. All digital
orthophotography is delivered in a MrSID file format, with the imagery
undergoing a 30:1 compression. Contour data and planimetric
mapping (transportation and hydrography) are delivered in either
ESRI’s .E00 file format, which can be imported into
ESRI’s
coverage format, or DXF format.
Recommended usage: The Cobb County Base Map data is developed for
100’ scale mapping. The data should be used for preliminary
planning purposes only. A field survey should be conducted before any
construction or other activities take place.
Aerial Photography:
The photography is taken from an aircraft flying approximately
4700’ above the ground, with thousands of individual
overlapping
color photographs being produced. The photographs are then
converted to digital images for the direct viewing, in a computer, of
features as small as manholes and fire hydrants.
Specifications:
- Flown at an altitude of 4700’
- Photo Endlap 60%, Sidelap 40%
- Camera: Leica ADS40 pushbroom scan digital
aerial camera/sensor system
- Camera tilt and crab: not more than 3 degrees
Digital Orthophotos:
Most digital orthophoto imagery is captured from aerial
photography. New images are rectified to remove distortion so
the
images are at a consistent map scale. Three types of distortion are
removed. Distortion caused by the camera angle and distortion caused by
the camera lens. A digital terrain model is used to remove distortion
caused by a landscape’s terrain. A typical orthophoto project
consists of hundreds of photographs that have been rectified and
mosaicked together. Mosaicking involves balancing adjacent
photographs’ radiometry, which refers to an image’s
color,
brightness and contrast.
Specifications:
- Aerial photo scale: 1” =
600’
- Map scale: 1” = 100’
- Accuracy: +- 2’
- Pixel resolution: .5’
- Tiles: 5000’ x 5000’
- Number of Tiles: 478
- File size: 10MB, 30:1 compression
- File format: Georeferenced MrSID
- Data delivery: DVD or CD
Other
features:
- Seamless mosaicking (appearance/edge matching)
- Radiometric/tone balancing
- Building lean reduction
- Bridge and railroad adjustment
Limited Planimetrics:
Limited planimetrics are selected surface features digitally mapped
from aerial photography. Cobb County requested that edge of pavement,
street centerlines, and hydrography be mapped to meet ASPRS Class 1,
large-scale, map accuracy standards.
Specifications:
Transportation
Road Centerlines
Driveway Centerlines
(200 ft minimum length)
Edge of Pavement _
- All graded roads, gravel-surfaced or otherwise
improved, shall be collected.
- Edge of pavements and road centerlines will not
be
classified. Public vs. private shall not be determined. Paved vs.
unpaved shall not be distinguished.
- Unimproved roads (logging roads, jeep trails)
shall not be
collected. Parking lots and golf course cart paths are not to be mapped.
- Bridges shall be mapped – centerlines
and edge of
pavements shall run straight across bridges, over/under passes, and
streams.
- Hidden road lines shall be collected.
- Driveways over 200 feet long shall be mapped.
Only the
centerline of driveways will be shown. A driveway is an improved
vehicular traveled way that leads from a road to one or more structures.
- Do not use fillets at intersections. The edge
of pavement at these intersections shall be collected.
- Road centerlines and driveway centerlines will
be uniquely identified.
- Centerlines and edge of pavements will not be
attributed with names.
- The actual edge of pavement (EOP) will be
mapped. Copy
parallel from one side to the other is unacceptable. Compile the road
as a continuous feature. When a road crosses a model boundary the
linestrings shall be mathematically snapped in 3D. For the centerlines
of the roads at both scales each segment of centerline from one
intersection to the next shall be a separate element. The joins from
one centerline element to the next shall be a 3D mathematical snap.
Hydrography
Standing Bodies of Water
Rivers
Streams
Closing Line
- All waterways shall be mapped as streams and
show a continuous network.
- All clearly defined channels shall be mapped
even though they
have no water showing. Err on the side of too much mapping of streams,
not too little.
- Standing bodies of water shall be mapped as
closed polygons.
- Rivers/double line streams shall be mapped as
closed polygons.
- Waterways over 25 feet wide shall be mapped as
double-lines
(closed polygons) while those less than 25 feet wide shall be mapped as
single-line features at both scales.
- Artificial closing lines shall be collected and
included wherever a double-line stream/river and a lake/pond join.
- All standing bodies of water shall be collected
as closed polygons with no type distinction required.
- The watercourses in the stereo model shall be
captured as
best determined from the lowest point in the model to the highest point.
- For any hydro feature which is obscured by a
bridge or some
other man-made feature, a hidden feature shall be captured in a manner
that ensures connectivity of the down-stream to up-stream drainage and
completes the required polygon for standing bodies of water.
Contours:
Contours are a pattern of lines, with each line drawn through points of
equal elevation. These line patterns follow the contour of the
landform. Cobb County has requested contour lines that meet ASPRS Class
1, large-scale, map accuracy standards for 2’ contour
intervals.
Obscure Areas:
Obscure Areas designate areas where, due to heavy tree canopy or other
obstructions, the mapped features were unable to be collected directly
from the orthophotography. All mapped features (transportation, hydro,
and 2’ contours) contained within the Obscure Areas should be
considered an approximation of the true feature.
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